If the Han Chinese acceptance of the queue at the beginning of the Qing. See his 'Socialism with Chinese Characteristics: Sun Yatsen and the International Development of China', The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 18 (July 1987): 109-125. This skullcap with attached queue was probably used in China during the late 1800s. An earlier essay by Michael Godley on Sun Yatsen's approach to minsheng and Chinese economics is also worth rereading in the context of the commemoration of and contestation over the Xinhai period and its contemporary relevance. The subject of the photos is the disappearance of the Chinese 'Queue', the long pigtail you can see on the gentleman on the left. That journal is now published electronically and, like China Heritage Quarterly, it appears under the aegis of the Australian Centre on China in the World. Michael Godley's 'The End of the Queue' first appeared in the pages of the December 1994 issue of East Asian History. In the early decades of the Qing dynasty the queue was the focus of resistance to Manchu dominance, and it became so again in the dying years of imperial rule. The new Manchu rulers insisted that the Chinese adopt the Manchu style of dress and hairstyle. From the 1890s cutting the queue was an overt gesture of rebellion, by 1911 it was an act integral to political revolution. To successfully rule China, the Manchus adopted many Chinese practices, but the hairstyle was not one of them. It affected Qing Chinese prisoners in particular, as it meant they would have their queue, a waist-long, braided pigtail, cut off. The Pigtail Ordinance was an 1873 law intended to force prisoners in San Francisco, California to have their hair cut within an inch of the scalp. In the early decades of the Qing dynasty the queue was the focus of resistance to Manchu dominance, and it became so again in the dying years of imperial rule. Chinese American man with queue in San Franciscos Chinatown. (Declared unconstitutional in Ho Ah Kow v. Attitudes towards the queue in China and more broadly were complex. 1876: Queue Ordinance: Chinese prisoners must have their hair cut immediately after arriving at the county jail. Originally a physical expression of submission, the braided queue was also a sign of repression. This article here by Michael Godley (1994, published in East Asian History,) discusses some of the history of the queues and interactions of nomad and Chinese. What made the queue hairstyle so significant was its forced adoption by Chinese men for over 260 years under the penalty of death. The following essay offers a social history of the queue ( bianzi 辮子). word queue is not meant in any derogatory manner, but instead as a signifier to address the signified object, the queue.
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